What happens to water density as temperature increases beyond 4 degrees Celsius?

As temperature increases beyond 4 degrees Celsius, water density decreases. This occurs due to the unique properties of water, particularly its molecular structure and hydrogen bonding. Water reaches its maximum density at approximately 4 degrees Celsius. As it warms beyond this point, the molecules begin to move more rapidly, which increases the distance between them. This increased molecular motion leads to a decrease in the density of water.

Water is particularly notable for its anomalous behavior compared to most substances, which typically become denser as they cool. This property has significant implications for aquatic environments, especially in understanding how temperature stratification occurs in lakes and oceans, affecting ecological dynamics and biological processes.