Which of the following describes diurnal variation of surface air temperature?

The diurnal variation of surface air temperature is typically characterized by a pattern in which temperatures rise during the day and peak in the early afternoon. This occurs because, as the sun rises and its rays hit the Earth's surface more directly, there is an increase in the absorption of solar energy, leading to a rise in temperature. As the day progresses, this temperature increase continues until it reaches its maximum, which usually happens between 2 p.m. and 4 p.m., depending on various local factors such as altitude, latitude, and cloud cover.

In the evening and overnight, temperatures begin to drop as the sun sets and the Earth's surface cools due to the loss of solar heating. Therefore, the statement that temperatures are warmest in the early afternoon accurately reflects the typical diurnal temperature variation, confirming the pattern observed in various climates, including New Zealand's diverse environments. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting weather patterns and applying that knowledge in aviation and outdoor activities.